Why Cognitive Reserve is Important and How to Build It
Cognitive reserve is defined as the brain’s ability to maintain its resiliency despite the damage or decline from normal aging, injury or disease. The Harvard Health Publishing explains it is a reflection on how agile the brain is with using skills and capacities to solve problems and cope with challenges.
Building cognitive reserve is a life-long process and is developed through continuing to educate ourselves and having the curiosity to be open to new ideas. The concept of cognitive reserve was first brought to the attention of researchers in the late 1980s. They were beginning to study the brains of individuals through autopsies that showed advanced signs of damage to the brain consistent with Alzheimer’s disease but had not exhibited symptoms during their life.
Experts say the contradiction is most likely caused by the person having a large enough cognitive reserve to offset the damage done by the disease, which allows them to function as usual. Further research has shown people with a large cognitive reserve can stave off other diseases such as Parkinson’s, multiple sclerosis, or a stroke as well as cope better with surgery, stress and toxins in the environment.
In order to build a strong cognitive reserve, Harvard Publishing explains it requires a concerted effort of following good lifetime habits such as prioritizing sleep, eating a plant-based diet, exercising regularly, managing stress and socializing. They also say it is important to continue to engage and challenge your brain.
The Mayo Clinic describes cognitive reserve as essentially your brain’s ability to adapt to age- or disease-related changes by drawing on existing neuronal networks or generating new neuronal connections where old ones may have failed. A study conducted by their researchers found “ordinary yet intellectually stimulating activities such as using a computer, playing games, reading books and engaging in crafts — including knitting, woodworking and other types of handiwork — were associated with a 30 to 50 percent decrease in the chances of developing mild cognitive impairment.” For example, they say you can more easily build cognitive reserves from activities such as reading a book than from watching TV.
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Source: https://mcpress.mayoclinic.org/healthy-brain/brain-building-how-to-grow-your-cognitive-reserve/