Pneumonia and the Elderly

Every year we hear about the thousands of people who die from pneumonia. The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) reports over 50,000 deaths annually are due to pneumonia and a majority of those deaths are in the elderly. Weakened immune systems, a greater prevalence of chronic diseases, and age-related changes in lung function all contribute to making the elderly more vulnerable to infections including pneumonia. 

The CDC ranks pneumonia as the 10th leading cause of death with a mortality rate for severe pneumonia in the elderly as high as 20 percent. The Cleveland Clinic explains pneumonia is inflammation and fluid in the lungs caused by a bacterial, viral or fungal infection. Symptoms include a fever, difficulty breathing and a cough with yellow, green or bloody mucus. The flu, COVID-19 and pneumococcal disease are common causes of pneumonia; and treatment is based on the cause and severity. 

Bacterial infections include Streptococcus pneumoniae, and are one of the most common forms of pneumonia affecting the elderly. Viruses like the common cold as well as COVID-19 viruses can be the cause of viral pneumonia as well as a secondary bacterial lung infection. Experts explain while bacterial and viral pneumonia is contagious, many elderly people give themselves pneumonia. They say this is because Streptococcus pneumoniae and other variations of bacterial pneumoniae are already in our respiratory tract. 

William Schaffner, M.D., medical director of the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases and professor of preventive medicine and infectious diseases at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, explains, “Frail elders often can’t clear secretions from their lungs, and those secretions tend to go down into the bronchial tubes. The area fills with pus, mucous and other liquids, preventing the lungs from functioning properly.” This causes oxygen to be unable to reach the blood and cells. Complications include sepsis in addition to fluid and infection. 

Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial pneumonia. If viral, doctors use anti-viral medications, and if called for, may administer fluids or oxygen therapy. To help prevent a loved one from getting pneumonia, Dr. Schaffner recommends getting an annual flu shot, a pneumococcal vaccine and keeping up with your COVID-19 booster shot. He says it is also important to maintain a healthy lifestyle including a healthy weight; and if you smoke, quit, and maintain good oral health. 

The MorningStar of Parker senior living community provides independent living, assisted living and memory care. We have 49 suites for independent living and 54 suites for assisted living (as large as 1609 square feet, including three styles of penthouses). For seniors with Alzheimer’s and other dementia-related diseases, our distinct Reflections Neighborhood provides 43 suites in a choice of studio or one-bedroom units. Contact us to set up an in-person tour in retirement communities and ask about our Springtime Move-in Specials. 

Source: agingcare.com/articles/pneumonia-and-elders-why-they-are-more-susceptible136822.htm